At that time, the students used a BASIC Stamp microcontroller at a cost of $50. The Arduino project was started at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Ivrea, Italy. History Founding The first Arduino ever made The bar was named after Arduin of Ivrea, who was the margrave of the March of Ivrea and King of Italy from 1002 to 1014. The name Arduino comes from a bar in Ivrea, Italy, where some of the project's founders used to meet. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats, and motion detectors. The Arduino project began in 2005 as a tool for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) and a command line tool developed in Go. The microcontrollers can be programmed using the C and C++ programming languages(Embedded C), using a standard API which is also known as the Arduino Programming Language, inspired by the Processing language and used with a modified version of the Processing IDE. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards ('shields') or breadboards (for prototyping) and other circuits. Īrduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website or through authorized distributors. Its hardware products are licensed under a CC BY-SA license, while the software is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. An application that does not require a strong CPU but needs plenty of GPIO will do well with the Mega.Īnalog projects can be done with all the Arduino boards, but the Due stands out with 12 analog inputs and 2 analog outputs.Arduino ( / ɑː r ˈ d w iː n oʊ/) is an Italian open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. If a project requires plenty of GPIO, the Due and Mega are the obvious choices. The UNO and Nano use the same processor which means that in terms of hardware and peripherals the UNO and Nano are identical. While the Mega is a large Arduino with plenty of GPIO, its CPU speed is still the same as that found on the UNO and Nano (same Mega family) and so there is no speed advantage to using the Mega. If a project requires high processing power, the Due comes out on top with its powerful ARM core and large RAM/ROM. The Mega and Due are much larger boards which makes them difficult to use in space restricted applications. The UNO is a medium sized development board but is still small enough to be mounted to many projects including remote-controlled devices such as RC cars and boats. When it comes to physical dimensions the Arduino Nano is the smallest and is a very portable device. When looking at hardware the following should be considered: While the cost aspect of each Arduino is obvious (the lowest cost option is always the preference), the hardware may not be so easy to determine. The deciding factor each project will use comes down to two basic things: hardware and cost. This means that you are unlikely to fall into device-specific traps that could prevent a piece of code from working because of hardware configurations or inherent bugs.Īrduino code can be easily transferred to different boards with virtually no changes which is highly beneficial to any designers wanting to change their mind about what board their project will use. Now that we looked at some of the details about each board, optimal uses of each board can be determined.Īlthough the UNO is the most popular board, all boards have excellent support through online forums thanks to the common architecture and the use of a common language and IDE.
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